Index - A
(Pagenumbers are related to the net version)
Abbasids, Caliphate at Bagdad, 29 , 35 - 36 , 52 - 53 , 76
Abd al-Masi¯r;h, 212 Abulcasis (physician to Abd-alRahma¯n
III), 234
Abul-Wafa¯, 228
Abu Ma'shar, 228
Aegean Crusade, 100
Aiyubids, dynasty of Saladin, 76 ; succeeded by Mamluks, 91
Albategnius (al-Baa¯ni), 228
Alexander the Great, 23 - 24
Alexandria, city, 24 , 31 ; Crusade of, 103 ; center of late medieval
mercantile world, 181 - 82 ; control of trade, 194 - 95 ; described
by ibn Jubayr, 247
Alfarabius (al-Fa¯ra¯bi), 216
Alfaraganus (al-Fargha¯ni), 228
Alfonso X, 219
Algazel (al-Ghazza¯li), 217 - 18 , 248
Alhazen ( ibn al-Haytham), 223
Alpetragius (al-Bi?ru¯ji), 228
Amalric I (Amaury I), second phase (apogee) of Latin kingdom of
Jerusalem, 70 ff; expedition to Egypt, 73 - 76
Amedeo VI, Crusade of, 104 - 05
America, discovery, 128 , 204
Antioch. See Jerusalem, Latin kingdom of ibn Arabi, 258 ff
"Arabian Nights." See literature
Arabs, factor in Eastern Question, 28 ff; political anarchy at
time of First Crusade, 52 - 54 ; rebirth of Empire as result of
CounterCrusade, 57 ; seventh and eighthcentury conquests, 166
ff; Age of Conquest, 205 - 207 ; Age of Establishment, 208 ; Age
of Assimilation, 208 - 18 ; Age of Interpretation, 210 - 15 ;
translation, 210 - 15 ; philosophy and theology, 215 - 21 ; science
and mathematics, 222 - 26 ; astronomy, 226 - 29 ; geography,
Arabs Continued) 229 - 31 ; medicine, 231 - 34 ; arts and architecture,
234 - 39 ; philology, 239 - 41 ; literature, 241 - 44 ; education,
244 - 50 ; twentieth-century Arab blocs, 254
architecture. See arts and architecture
Aristotle, 212 , 215 - 16
Armenia, Egyptian aggression against, 138 ff
arts and architecture, 234 - 39 ; military architecture, 125 ,
236 ; representational and non-representational art forms, 235
- 36 ; influence of East upon West, 236 - 37 ; palace of Caliph
al-Wali¯d, 237 ; minor arts, 237 - 39 , See also iconography;
mosques
arts and manufactures, 126 - 27 , 237 39
Arzachel (al-Zarqali), 228
Asin Palacios, Miguel, 242 - 44 ; Danteand Muslim legend, 257
61
Assassins, 90 - 91
astronomy, 226 - 29 . See alsoAbulWafa¯; Abu Ma'shar; Albategnius;
Alfaraganus; Alpetragius; Arzachel; al-Bi¯ru¯ni¯;
al-Fazari; ibn Qurra
Averroes ( ibn Rushd), 218 - 19
Avicenna ( ibn Si¯ni¯), 217 , 225 - 26 , 233
al-Azhar, 244 - 46
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(alphabet)
Index - B
(Pagenumbers are related to the net version)
Babylon, fall of city to Arabs, 31
Bagdad, Abbasid court, 35 ff; Eastern center of Islamic culture
210 ff; seized by Mongols, 250 . See also Abbasids
Baldwin I, first phase of Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, 63 , 65
- 66 ; capture of Sidon, 69
Baldwin II, first phase of Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, 69 - 70
; capture of Tyre, 69 ; capture by Turks, 70
Baldwin III, second phase of Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, 70 ff
Baldwin IV, third phase of Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, 76
Balkans, object of Ottoman (Turkish) Counter-Crusade, 147 ff
al-Balkhi, 230
banking, 47 ; bills of exchange, 191 ; loans and usury, 191 ;
Lombard bankers, 191 - 92 ; Templars, 192 ; Renaissance Popes,
192
Bar Hebraeus ( ibn al-'Ibri), 214
Basil II, Byzantine campaigns against Arabs prior to First Crusade,
34
Bastards of Aragon, Crusade of, 91
ibn al-Batri¯q, 212
ibn Ba??u?a, 229
Bayezid I, 108 - 10 . See also Crusade; Nicopolis
Bernard, saint, 71
Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum, 229
al-Bi¯ru¯ni¯, 224 , 228
"Books of Pilgrimage" (Kutub alZiya¯ra¯t),
133
"Books of Virtues" (Kutub alFada¯'il), 133 - 35
"Books on Holy War" (Kutub atJiha¯d), 135
Boucicaut, marshal, at Constantinople, 148 - 49
Broquière, Bertrandon de la, 112 13
Bulgaria. See Balkans
Bursbay, sultan, attack on Cyprus, 140 ff
Byzantine Empire, part of Eastern Question, 25 ff; appeal for
Western aid by Alexius Comnenus, 47 - 48 ; growing hostility toward
Crusaders, 65 ; role in trade, 163 ff, 172 - 73 , See also Constantinople,
city
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(alphabet)
Index - C
(Pagenumbers are related to the net version)
Cairo, Great Palace, 73 - 74 ; burning of, 75
Caliphate, Orthodox Caliphs, 28 , 131 ; tolerance under, 39 -
40 , See also Abbasids; Fatimids; Mambluks; Ottoman Turks; Umaiyads
Carolingian monarchy, solution to Eastern Question, 34 ff; protectorate
over Holy Places, 42 - 43
castles (kraks), 66 - 67
Cathay, Catholic missions to, 99 100 , 127 - 28 , 231
Champagne. See fairs
"chanson." See literature
Charlemagne, 22 , 36 - 38 . See also Carolingian monarchy
Châtillon, Reginald de, 77 , 79
Children's Crusade, 85 - 86
China. See Cathay
chivalry, 22
Christianity. See Copts; Eastern Christians; Ecumenical Councils;
Papacy
chronology, Crusading, 55 - 57
Cilicia. See Armenia
Clermont-Ferrand, speech of Pope Urban II, 20 - 21
Coeur, Jacques, 200 - 202
Columbus, Christopher, 100 , 229
Conrad III, Third Crusade, 71 - 72
Constantinople, city, siege by Persians in 619, 26 - 27 ; siege
by Arabs in 673 and 717, 31 ; fall of city to Crusaders in 1204,
82 - 84 ; siege by Ottoman Turks, 148 ff; fall of city to Turks
in 1453, 150 - 53 , See also Byzantine Empire
Constantinople, Latin Empire of, 84 - 85 , See also Constantinople,
city
Copts, 30 , 31 . See also Eastern Christians
Cordova, Western center of Islamic culture, 215 , 218 ff
Counter-Crusade, 57 , 157 ff. See alsoal-Jiha¯d
Crusade, military expeditions, 18 ; during lifetime of Latin kingdom,
18 - 19 ; Urban II's call to Crusade, 20 - 22 ; Jewish revolt
of 117, 24 ; idea of Pope Gregory VII, 47 - 48 ; Byzantine appeal,
47 - 48 ; Holy Roman Empire, 48 - 49 ; England, 49 ; Italy, 49
- 50 ; Iberian peninsula, 50 - 51 ; Normans, 51 52 ; chronology,
55 - 57
Crusade of 1101, 69
Crusades. See First Crusade; Second Crusade; Nicopolis, Crusade
of; etc. See also Crusade; al-Jiha¯d
culture, Islamic, synthetic character, 208 - 209 ff. See also
Aristotle; arts and architecture; astronomy; education; geography;
literature; medicine; philology; philosophy and theology; science
and mathematics; translation
Cyprus, 91 ; meeting-place of Crusaders, 102 ; and Hospitallers,
122 ; object of Egyptian CounterCrusade, 139 - 42 ; affluence
under Lusignan dynasty, 171 - 72
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(alphabet)
Index - D
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
Damascene-Christian alliance, 71 73
Damascus steel blade, 127
Dante. See Asin Palacios
Divine Comedy (La Divina Commedia). See Asin Palacios
Dominelli, Giovanni, 119
Dominic, saint, 123 Dominicans, 123
Dubois, Pierre, 97 - 98
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(alphabet)
Index - E
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
Eastern Christians, 34 ; impact of Crusade, 29 - 30 ; Western
persecution, 206 - 207 ; role of Constantinople, 207 ; Egyptian
neutrality, 207
East-West relations, cleavage between Hellenic and Persian civilizations,
19 ; Greek mind, 19 , 23 ; Eastern Question, 19 ff; GrecoPersian
wars, 23 ; Alexander the Great, 23 - 24 ; Rome as defender of
Hellenism, 24 - 25 ; Persian nationalism, 25 , 29 ; Byzantine
religious factor, 26 ; Heraclius, 26 28 ; Arab conquest, 28 -
32 ; Spanish Reconquista, 32 ; ByzantineArab frontier incidents,
32 - 34 ; Eastern Christians, 34 ; Carolingian solution, 34 -
39 ; Spanish and Sicilian Christianity, 39 - 40 ; Turks, 40 ;
pilgrims, 40 - 46 , 47 n; military orders, 46 - 47 ; Byzantine
appeal for aid from West, 47 - 48 ; Urban II and Crusade, 47 ff.
See also Crusade; al-Jhia¯d; Urban II
economic history, Byzantine Em pire, 162 ff; economic revolution,
162 ff; Arab Empire, 162 ff, 168 , 172 - 73 ; Southern European
trade communes, 163 ff; Merovingian and Carolingian periods, 165
- 66 ; role of merchant, 165 ff, 174 ff; Normans in Italy and
Sicily, 169 70 ; effect of First Crusade, 170 ff; trade leagues,
170 - 71 ; Cyprus, 171 - 72 ; fairs and emporia, 177 79 ff; medieval
towns, 179 ff; slave trade, 182 - 84 ; trade in natural products,
184 - 85 ; manufactured trade articles, 185 - 86 ; money, 186
- 91 ; banking, 191 - 92 ; regulation of trade by law, 192 - 95
; Jews in commerce, 195 , 196 - 97 ; Christians in commerce, 195
- 96 ; Radanites, 196 - 97 ; Karimites, 197 - 99 ; late Mamluk
trade policy, 198 - 99 , decline of Mediterranean trade, 174 ,
202 - 203 ; new trade routes to India, 202 - 203 ; discovery of
America, 204
Ecumenical Councils, 30 n, 206
Edessa, fall of, 70 . See also Baldwin II; Jerusalem, Latin kingdom
of; Second Crusade
education, 244 - 50 ; "riwaq" system, 245 - 46 ; "transmitted
knowledge," 246 ; "rational sciences," 246 . See
alsoal-Azhar; Mustan?iriyah; Ni?miyah; schools
Edward of England, prince, Crusade of, 91
Egypt, conquest by Arabs, 30 ; Counter-Crusade against Armenia,
137 - 39 ; against Cyprus, 139 42 ; against Rhodes, 142 - 45 ;
control of trade activity, 194 - 95 , 198 - 99 ; decline of trade,
203
England, on eve of First Crusade, 49 ; aftermath of Crusade, 157
- 58
fairs, 177 - 79 ; rules of, 192 - 93
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(alphabet)
Index - F
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
Fatimids, 52 , 54 , 76 ; work on jurisprudence, 135 - 36
al-Fazari, 212
Ferdinand and Isabella, Crusade of, 127 ; and Christopher Columbus,
128
feudalism, decline, 124 - 25
Fidenzio of Padua, 95
Fifth Crusade, 86 - 87
First Crusade, 51 - 52 , 54 n, 58 - 63
Fortmund, 43
Fourth Crusade, 82 ff, 159
France, 18 ; on eve of First Crusade, 51 - 52 ; aftermath of Crusade,
157 - 58 ; defeat of French militia at Nicopolis, 159 ; trade
competition with Italian communes, 200 ; capitalism of Jacques
Coeur, 200 - 202
Francis of Assisi, saint, 87 , 123
Franciscans, 123 ; missionary campaign, 123 - 24
Franks, Sir Oliver, 255
Frederick II, 22 ; Fifth Crusade, 86 - 89 ; "Stupor Mundi,"
88
Frederick Barbarossa, 81 ff
Froissart, Jean, cited, 108
Fulk of Anjou, second phase of Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, 70
- 71
Fustat. See Cairo
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(alphabet)
Index - G
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
Genoa. See Italian communes
geography, 229 - 31 ; geographical dictionaries, 231 . See also
alBal kh i; ibn Battu¯a; ibn ?auqal; al-Idrisi; al-Kh uwa¯rizmi
Germain, Jean, 113
German Crusade. See Henry VI
glass, 127 , 238 - 39
Godfrey of Bouillon, first phase of Latin kingdom of Jerusalem,
63
Godric, saint, 196
Great Palace. See Cairo
Greco-Persian wars. See East-West relations
Greece. See Balkans
Greek fire, 32
Grousset, thesis of, 55 - 56 , 57 - 58
?adi¯th, 30 n; source for Dante, 259 - 60
ibn ?aiya¯n, 225
?ajj, 131 n, 229 - 30
al-?kim, Caliph, embassy to Constantinople, 34 ; "House of
Science," 221 ; observatory, 226 - 27 Hanseatic League, 171
, 178 , 193
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(alphabet)
Index - H
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
Ha¯ru¯n al-Ra sh d, Caliph, observatory at Jundishapur,
211 - 12 ; first hospital, 212 ; interest in medicine, 231
ibn ?auqal, 230 , 231
Hellenism, Greek mind, 19 ; fundamental to Eastern Question, 23
- 24 ff
Henotikon (Act of Union), 151
Henry VI, German Crusade of, 82
Heraclius, 26 - 29 ; Crusade of, 27 - 28
Heyd, Wilhelm, 184
historiography, Crusade, 57 , 92 ff; interpretations, 17 - 18
; effects of Crusade, 121
Hittin, battle of, 78 - 79
Holy League, in Aegean Crusade, 100
Holy War. See Crusade; al-Jiha¯d
Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem, pilgrim traffic, 46 - 47
; organization, 67 - 68 ; Malta, 118 , 122 23 ; Rhodes, 118 ,
122 - 23 ; Cyprus, 122 ; Egyptian attack on Rhodes, 142 - 45 ;
defeat of Turkish attack on Malta, 155 ; hospital service, 232
hospitals, first hospital, 212 ; Arab "bima¯rista¯n,"
231 - 32 ; hospital service of military orders, 232
Hugh of Caesarea, pact with Egypt, 73 - 74
Hulagu Kh a¯n, observatory, 227 ; storming of Bagdad, 250
Humbert II, Crusade of, 101 - 102
Hungarian Crusade, 112 , 113 - 14
Hungary, bulwark for Western Christendom, 146 ff
Hunyadi, John, 113 ff, 150 ff
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(alphabet)
Index - I
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
Iberian peninsula, Umaiyad Caliphate, 32 , 35 - 36 ; Spanish Christianity,
39 - 40 ; on eve of First Crusade, 50 - 51 ; aftermath of Crusade,
158
iconography, Arabic Kufic lettering, 239
al-Idrisi, 230 - 31
'Ima¯d-al-Di¯n. See Zangis
Innocent III, 82 ff
intendant, books of, 195
Iran. See Persia
ibn Is?a¯q, 213 - 14
Islam, fundamental doctrines, 131 ; al-Jiha¯d, 131 ff; "the
mission," 132 ; treatment of dissenters, 132 ; believers
and unbelievers, 132 ; origin of "Divine Comedy," 243
44 . See also ?adi¯th; Shari¯'ah
Italian communes, 46 , 149 ; in defense of Constantinople, 151
- 52 ; aftermath of Crusade, 157 - 58 , Italian communes (Continued)
159 ; affluence following First Crusade, 170 - 71 ; trade with
Flanders and England, 178 ; Venice, fourteenth century, 180 ;
Genoa, fourteenth century, 180 - 81 ; at Alexandria, 181 ; in
slave trade, 183 84 ; manufactures, 186 ; banking, 191 - 92 ;
affluent mercantile communes in late Middle Ages, 199 200 ; decline
of trade, 202 ; Suez Canal idea, 202
Italy, on eve of First Crusade, 49
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(alphabet)
Index - J
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
Jacobites. See Eastern Christians
Janus II, Egyptian captive, 141 - 42
Jerusalem, city, burning of Holy Sepulchre by Persians, 26 ; re-entry
by Heraclius, 28 ; surrender to Arabs, 29 ; in Muslim hands prior
to First Crusade, 29 - 46 ; burning of Holy Sepulchre by Caliph
al-?a¯im, 39 ; re-entry by Crusaders in 1099, 61 - 63 ; fall
of city to Saladin, 80 ; recovery by Allied Forces, 161
Jerusalem, Latin kingdom of, first phase to 1131, 58 , 62 - 70
; second phase to 1174, 70 - 76 ; third phase to 1291, 76 - 91
Jesu. Haly ( Ali ibn 'Isa), 234
Jews, in Western commerce, 195 ; in Radanite corporations, 196
- 97
al-Jiha¯d, 28 ; revived by Crusade, 130 ff; treatises on,
132 ff. See also Counter-Crusade
John Tzimisces, Byzantine campaigns in Holy Land, 33
Joinville, Jean de, story of Seventh Crusade, 90 - 91
Jundishapur, 211 , 226
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(alphabet)
Index - K
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
al-Ka¯mel, sultan, surrender of Damietta, 87 ; and Saint
Francis of Assisi, 87 ; and Frederick II, 88 - 89
Karimites, 197 - 99
al-Kh aiya¯m, -Umar, 223
ibn Kh aldu¯n, 221
al-Kh a¯zini, 224
al-Kh uwa¯rizmi, 213 , 222 , 223 , 229
al-Kindi, 215
Koran. See Qu-ra¯n
Kossovo, battle of, 116
Kufic lettering. See iconography
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(alphabet)
Index - L
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
Latini, Brunetto, 260 - 61
law, Islamic. See Sharimacr;'ah
leather work. See minor arts
Leo VI. See Armenia
Lepanto, battle of, 155
Lesser Armenia. See Armenia
libraries. See schools
literature, 241 - 44 ; impetus from Crusade, 126 . See also "Arabian
Nights"; Asin Palacios
Louis VII, Third Crusade, 71 - 72
Louis IX, Seventh Crusade, 90 - 91 ; conquest of Damietta, 90
; defeat at Mansura, 90
Lull, Raymond, 96 , 243
Lusignan, Guy de, third phase of Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, 77
Lusignan kings. See Cyprus
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(alphabet)
Index - M
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
al-Ma'arri, 257 - 58
Machaut, Guillaume, cited, 181 , 184
al-Mahdiya, Crusade of, 105 - 106
ibn Ma¯jid, 229
Malta, and Hospitallers, 118 , 122 - 23
Mamluks, 76 ; heirs to Aiyubids, 91 ; seizure of Acre, 91 ; policy
of Islamic conquest, 131 ff; aggression against Armenia, 138 ff;
slave trade, 182 ff; trade monopoly and suppression of Karimites,
198 - 99
al-Ma'mu¯n, Caliph, "House of Wisdom," 210 - 11
, 226 ; manuscript repository ("Bayt al-Hikmah"), 212
; scientific field work, 213 ; patron, 222 ; interest in medicine,
231
manufactures. See arts and manufactures
Maragha observatory, 227 , 249
Marino Sanudo the Elder (Il Vecchio), cited, 98 - 99 , 173 , 193
Marino Sanudo "Torsello" the Younger, cited, 180 maritime
law, 193 - 94
ibn Ma¯sawayh, 213
mathematics. See science and mathematics
medicine, 231 - 34 ; status and wealth of physicians, 232 . See
also Abulcasis; Avicenna; Jesu Haly; Rhazes
mendicant kings, 94
mendicant orders. See Dominicans; Franciscans
metal work. See minor arts
Mézières, Philippe de, 102 ff, 110 - 11
Milan, League of, 171
military orders of religion, 122 . See also Hospitallers; Order
of the Sword; Templars; Teutonic Knighthood minor arts, 237 -
39 "Mi'ra¯j" legend, 259 - 61 money, Byzantine
nomisma, 164 , 186 - 87 ; Carolingian silver coinage, 165 - 66
, 187 ; mancusi, 167 ; Arab coinage, 167 , 169 , 187 ; coins of
Mercia, 169 ; scarcity of coinage in West, 186 - 87 ; new coinages
after First Crusade, 188 - 89 ; role in commerce, 190 - 92 ; value
fluctuations, 190 - 91 ; France and England, 190 - 91 ; treatises
on money, 190
Mongol Crusade, 93 ff, 127
Mongols, kingdom of, 93 ; collaboration with, 93 ff, 127 ; storming
of Bagdad, 250 . See also Hulagu kh a¯n
Monte Corvino, John of, 99 - 100
mosques, works of art, 235 ; mosqueschool of 'Amru, 247 . See
also schools
Mozarabs, 220
Mudejars, 220
Mu?ammad II, conquest of Constantinople, 150 - 53
Mu?ammad, Prophet, 28 , 30 n, 52 n, 132 , 206 ; and Dante, 257
- 61
ibn Munqi dh, Usa¯mah, 71
ibn al-Muqaffa', 211
Murad II, 113 - 14 ff
musicology. See Alfarabius
Mustan?ir, Caliph, 248 - 49
Mustan?iriyah, 248 - 49
Mu'tazilites, 215
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(alphabet)
Index - N
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
al-Naha¯wandi, 211 - 12
nationalism, form of royalism, 124 25
Nestorians. See Eastern Christians
Nicephoras Phocas, Byzantine campaigns against Arabs prior to
First Crusade, 32 - 33
Nicopolis, Crusade of, 106 - 10
Ni?a¯miyah, 248 - 49
nomisma. See money
Normans, 49 - 50
Norwegian Crusade, 69
al-Nu'man ibn Mu?ammad, 135
Nur-al-Din, consolidation of Muslim monarchy, 70 - 76 . See also
Zangis
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(alphabet)
Index - O
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
Oderic of Pordenone, 99 - 100
ophthalmology. See Jesu Haly
Order of the Sword, 123
Oresme, Nicholas, cited, 190
Ottoman Turks, 106 ff; victory of Nicopolis, 106 - 10 ; policy
of Islamic conquest, 131 ff; Constantinople, capital of new Islamic
Empire, 145 - 46 ; Counter-Crusade, 146 - 55 ; attempt to control
Mediterranean, 154 - 55 ; achievements, 160 - 61
Back to top
(alphabet)
Index - P
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
painting, Islamic objection to human and animal representation,
235 - 36
Palmyrene Empire, 25 , 38
Papacy, universal power, 47 ; idea of Crusade, 47 - 48 ; and Holy
Roman Empire, 48 - 49 ; and Italy, 49 - 50 ; and Spain, 50 - 51
; and Normans, 51 - 52 ; effects of Crusade, 121 - 22 ; Babylonian
Captivity, Schism, and Conciliar Movement, 158 . See also Crusade;
Urban II
paper, 212 - 13 , 238 , 249
"passagium," medieval interpretation of Crusade, 17
, 156 ; and Lusignan kings, 102 ff
patriarchal succession, Melkite or imperial, 30 n, 31 , 207 ;
national, 30 n
Peasants' Crusade, 58 - 59
"People of the Book," 36
"People of the Covenant," 36
Persia, nationalism a factor in Eastern Question, 23 ff; collapse
of Sassanid Empire, 29
Peter Paschal, saint, 259 - 60
Philip IV, 96 ff
Philip Augustus, 81 ff
Philip the Bold, duke of Burgundy, 106 ff
Philology, Arabic contribution, 239 - 41 ; Arnold Steiger, 240
; Legacy of Islam, 240
Philosophy and theology, 215 - 21 ; Aristotelian basis, 215 -
16 ; Plato and Aristotle, 216 ; vernacular renderings, 220 ; at
a standstill after Algazel, 220 - 21 . See also Alfarabius; Algazel;
Averroes;, Avicenna; ibn Kh aldu¯n; al-Kindi
pilgrimage, 40 - 47 ; numbers1, 45 - 46 ; routes, 45 - 46 ; travel
organizations, 46 ; from Byzantium, 47 n
Pillars of Hercules, 31 Plato, 216
poetry. See literature
Portuguese, new trade routes, 202 203
propaganda, literature, 93 - 119
Back to top
(alphabet)
Index - Q
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
Qur'a¯n, 131 , 208 , 215 . See also Islam
ibn Qurra, 214
ibn Qutaybah, 211
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(alphabet)
Index - R
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
Radanites, 196 - 97
al-Rai¯d, Ha¯ru¯n. See Ha¯ru¯n alRa sh
i¯d
Raymond of Tripoli, 77 - 79
Reconquista, Spanish, 32 , 127
Rhazes (al-Ra¯zi¯), 225 , 226 , 232
Rhodes, and Hospitallers, 118 , 122 23 ; Egyptian attack, 142
- 45
Richard the Lion-Heart, 22 , 81 ff Roger II, 230
Roman Empire, defender of Hellenism and early factor in Eastern
Question, 24 ff
Roumania. See Balkans
Back to top
(alphabet)
Index - S
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
Saladin, 22 ; Muslim monarchy versus Frankish anarchy, 75 ff;
founder of Aiyubid dynasty, 76 n; and Reginald de Châtillon,
77 ff; victor of Hittin, 78 , 79 ; conqueror of Jerusalem, 79
- 80
Saljuq Turks, 40 , 53 - 54
Sassanids, 25 , 26 , 28 , 29
Scanderbeg, leader of Albanian revolt, 114 , 116
schools, Muslim, 210 - 11 , 213 , 219 , 221 , 226 , 227 ; mosque-school,
247 . See also al-Azhar; education; Mustansiriyah; Niza¯miyah
science and mathematics, 222 - 26 ; influence of antiquity, 222
; transmutation of metals, 225 ; elixir of life, 225 . See also
Alhazen; alBi¯ru¯ni¯; ibn Haiya¯n; al-Kh aiya¯m;
al-Kha¯zini; al-Kh uwa¯rizmi; Rhazes
Second Crusade, 70 , 71 - 72 ff
Serbia. See Balkans
Seventh Crusade, 90 - 91
Shari¯'ah, details of al-Jiha¯d, 135 36 ; Mustansiriyah
law school, 248
Sha¯war, 73 ff
Shi'ite creed, 30 , 52 Shirku¯h, 73 ff
Sicily, Christianity in, 39 - 40 ; crowning of Roger I, 72 ; Roger
II, 230
Sixth Crusade, 88 - 89
Spain. See Iberian peninsula
Sulaiman the Magnificent, 118 ; Rhodes annexed to Turkey, 122
, 145 , 154 ; capture of Bagdad, 154 ; battle of Vienna, 154 ;
revival of Turkish Counter-Crusade in Europe, 154 ff; naval power,
154 - 55 ; battle of Lepanto, 155
Sunnite creed, 30 , 52 , 215 - 16
Supreme Porte, 118
al-Suyu¯ti, 134 - 35
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(alphabet)
Index - T
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
Taifas, kings of, 50
Tartar Crusade. See Mongol Crusade
Templars, pilgrim traffic and banking, 46 - 47 , 122 ; organization,
67 68 ; hospital service, 232
Teutonic Knighthood, 68 , 82 , 123
Thaddeo of Naples, 95
theology, Muslim. See Islam; philosophy and theology
Toledo, school of, 219
trading companies, 196
translation, 210 - 15 . See also Abd al-Masi¯h; Bar Hebraeus;
ibn alBatri¯q; al-Fazari; ibn Isha¯q; ibn al-Muqaffa';
ibn Qurra
travel, roads, routes, merchants, bridges, costs, shipping, fairs,
173 ff
Tripoli. See Jerusalem, Latin kingdom of
Tunis, kingdom of. See al-Mahdiya, Crusade of
Turks. See Ottoman Turks; Saljuq Turks
al-Tu¯si, 227
Back to top
(alphabet)
Index - U
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
'Uka¯z. See fairs
Umaiyads, Caliphate in Spain, 32 , 35 - 36 ; transfer of Caliphate
from Damascus, 35 - 36
universities. See schools
Urban II, 18 ; speech at ClermontFerrand, 20 - 21 ; idea of Crusade,
47 - 48 ; choice of French to lead First Crusade, 51
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(alphabet)
Index - V
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
Venice. See Italian communes
Vienna, battle of, 154
Villehardouin, Geoffroy, cited, 83 84
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(alphabet)
Index - W
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
al-Wali¯d, Caliph, palace of, 237
war, art of, siege operations of Crusaders against Jerusalem,
61 ; military architecture, 125 , 236 ; influence of Crusade,
125 - 26 ; Eastern literature, 136 - 37 ; superiority of Muslim
over Christian warriors, 159 - 60
weaving. See minor arts
Werimbold, 196
William IX. See Crusade of 1101
William of Tyre, cited, 27 , 62 , 73 74 , 126
wood carving. See minor arts
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(alphabet)
Index - X
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
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Index - Y
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
ibn Yu¯nus, 228
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Index - Z
(Pagenumbers are related
to the net version)
Zangis, dynasty of, second phase of Latin kingdom of Jerusalem,
70 ff
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(end)
